物流运作系统的构成 　　

　　(1)物流设施。它是保证物流系统运行的基础物质条件，包括物流站、场，物流中心、仓库，物流线路，建筑、公路、铁路、港口等。 　　

　　(2)物流装备。它是保证物流运作系统开动的条件，包括仓库货架、进出库设备、加工设备、运输设备、装卸机械等物流设备。 　　

　　(3)信息技术(含信息网络)。它是掌握和传递物流信息的手段，包括通信设备及线路、传真设备、计算机及网络设备等。 　　

　　(4)资金。交换是以货币为媒介的。实现交换的物流过程，实际上也是资金运动的过程。同时物流服务活动本身也是需要以货币为媒介，物流系统建设是资本投入的一大领域，离开资金这一要素，物流运作过程不可能实现。 　　

　　(5)组织网络。它是物流运作的“软件” ，起着连接、调运、运筹、协调、指挥其他各要素以保障物流系统目的地实现的作用。 　　

　　(6)专业人员。它是所有系统的核心要素、第一要素。提高物流人员的素质，是建立一个合理化的物流运作系统并使它有效运转的根本。 　　

　　(1)物流设施。是保证物流系统运转的基本物质条件，包括物流站、堆场、物流中心、仓库、物流线路、建筑物、公路、铁路、港口等。 　　

　　(2)物流设备。这是保证社会稳定的条件 　　

(3) Information technology (including information network). It is a means to grasp and transmit logistics information, including communication equipment and lines, fax equipment, computers and network equipment, etc.

(4) Funds. Exchange is mediated by currency. The logistics process of realizing exchange is actually the process of capital movement. At the same time, logistics service activities themselves need to use currency as a medium. The construction of logistics system is a major area of capital investment. Without the element of capital, the logistics operation process cannot be realized.

(5) Organization network. It is the "software" of logistics operation, which plays the role of connecting, dispatching, planning, coordinating, and directing other elements to ensure the realization of the purpose of the logistics system.

(6) Professionals. It is the core element and the first element of all systems. Improving the quality of logistics personnel is the foundation for establishing a rational logistics operation system and making it operate effectively.

物流运作系统的特点

(1)集合性。物流运作是由硬要素和软要素组成的整体，是一个有机整体。

(2)目的性。物流运作流程要能够提供客户满意的物流服务，可以通过一定KPI表现出来。

(3)关联性。物流运作流程所涉及的信息、软件与硬件(仓库、叉车、托盘、集装箱等)等要素形成良好匹配关系，构成内在以及相互之间的关联关系。

(4) 结构性。运作流程及其组织过程应当精简、高效，可将运作系统分为若干层次结构进行组织管理。

(5) 环境性。物流运作过程需要根据环境进行组织管理，适应环境才能生存与发展

(1) Collection. Logistics operation is a whole composed of hard elements and soft elements, which is an organic whole.

(2) Purpose. The logistics operation process must be able to provide customers with satisfactory logistics services, which can be expressed through certain KPIs.

(3) Relevance. The information, software and hardware (warehouses, forklifts, pallets, containers, etc.) involved in the logistics operation process form a good matching relationship, forming an internal and mutual relationship.

(4) Structural. The operating process and its organizational process should be streamlined and efficient, and the operating system can be divided into several hierarchical structures for organization and management.

(5) Environmental. The logistics operation process needs to be organized and managed according to the environment, and adapt to the environment to survive and develop

物流运作管理的要求

(1)计划性。物流活动运作之前必须有详细的物流实施方案和作业计划，重要的流程与作业需要有操作标准和规范。

(2)衔接性。物流运作的各作业之间要形成连续的衔接关系。

(3)平行性。物流运作所涉及的主体要为同一任务进行同时作业。

(4)协调性。不同主体、不同活动、不同设备和运作过程等的作业内 容、时间、组织要协调，通过物流作业计划、组织、协同和控制的具体 操作，使得人员、车辆、设备、设施、信息、财务等资源具体组织协调 到位。

(5)实时性。信息的获取、传输、存储、处理等环节与物流作业过程 实时进行，应变能力是实时性最重要的能力，根据实时变化是协调运作 的基本保证。

(6)集成性。不同主体、过程保持信息沟通，掌握整个运作过程。

(7)价值性。近年来，物流在企业成本、效益、价值增值等方面所发 挥出的作用越来越明显。

(8)均衡性。在条件许可的情况下，尽量采用均衡作业，避免不必要 的突击性作业。

(1) Planning. Before the operation of logistics activities, there must be a detailed logistics implementation plan and operation plan, and important processes and operations need to have operating standards and specifications.

(2) Cohesion. The various operations of logistics operations must form a continuous connection.

(3) Parallelism. The entities involved in logistics operations must perform simultaneous operations for the same task.

(4) Coordination. The operation content, time, and organization of different subjects, different activities, different equipment and operation processes should be coordinated, and resources such as personnel, vehicles, equipment, facilities, information, and finance should be made available through the specific operations of logistics operation planning, organization, coordination and control. Specific organization and coordination are in place.

(5) Real-time. Information acquisition, transmission, storage, processing and other links and logistics operations are carried out in real time. The ability to respond is the most important ability in real-time. According to real-time changes, it is the basic guarantee for coordinated operation.

(6) Integration. Maintain information communication between different subjects and processes, and master the entire operation process.

(7) Value. In recent years, logistics has played an increasingly obvious role in enterprise costs, benefits, and value appreciation.

(8) Balance. Where conditions permit, try to use balanced operations to avoid unnecessary surprise operations.

参考资料：文字：重庆邮电大学李诗杨老师物流运作管理PPT；图片：百度；翻译：GooGle翻译.

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